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Generative Artificial Intelligence

Introduction

Introduction

Artificial intelligence (AI) is “a technical and scientific field devoted to the engineered system that generates outputs such as content, forecasts, recommendations or decisions for a given set of human-defined objectives” [ISO/IEC 22989:2022].

Traditionally, AI systems are primarily used to analyse data and make predictions. It has since evolved in developing machines capable to analyse large amounts of data, recognise patterns, and make predictions or decisions based on the trained data. 

To better understand how AI works, it is essential to know the following basic concepts:

1. Machine Learning

  • Uses data and algorithms to enable machines to imitate the human brain to learn from data, identify patterns, and make decisions and predictions without explicit programming, gradually improving its accuracy and performance. 

2. Deep Learning

  • A type of AI and machine learning that imitates the human brain by utilising millions of data points to gain knowledge. 

3. Reasoning

  • Mimics the human brain to make inferences based on commands to form hypotheses or develop strategies to make predictions or decisions. 

4. Problem-solving

  • Uses trial-and-error techniques to train the machine to learn and improve its performance, aiming to discover the most desirable and optimal solution to complex problems.

5. Processing Language

  • Uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) to analyse human language data for computers to understand, interpret and generate human language, using text analysis, sentiment analysis and machine translation. 

6. Large Language Model (LLM)

  • Uses deep learning techniques to recognise, understand, summarise, translate, predict, and generate new content using massive datasets. Chatgpt is one example of such a model. 

7. Perception/ Computer Vision 

  • Enables devices to acquire, process, interpret, understand, and analyse data in digital images and videos for facial recognition and object detection etc.

 

Generative Artificial Intelligence, evolving from advancements in AI technology and machine learning, has enabled the creation of new data and content across images, videos, music, articles, and software code. The application of Generative AI significantly impacts work efficiency, yet at the same time raises ethical considerations. 

This guide provides an overview of generative AI such as the potential usage of generative AI tools, responsible use of these tools, how to design a prompt, how to evaluate the generated content, and how to cite content created from generative AI. 

What is Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen AI)?

What is Generative Artificial Intelligence?

(Source: Canvas AI Image Generator (ai neural network), 20 May 2024)

Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen AI) tools are AI chatbots that use humanlike conversational dialogue (natural language) to obtain responses and results through descriptive questions (known as "prompts")  in a fluid manner. They generate content in the form of text, data, and multimedia such as images, music, videos, and voices by harnessing AI technology and a vast dataset as its foundation.

Although Generative AI tools can provide answers to queries in texts or create new multimedia content that seems real, they can also produce inaccurate, non-existent, or misleading results, which is known as "hallucinating" when the datasets or the prompts are of poor quality. 

It is essential to learn how to craft effective prompts to guide the Generative AI tools to create quality content. It is equally important to learn how to use Generative AI tools and the generated content appropriately, thoughtfully, and responsibly.  

Generative AI literacy plays an important role in evaluating and using Generative AI tools. 

Generative AI Tools

Generative AI Tools

Generative AI tools have many potential uses in learning, teaching, and research as well as risks.

It is necessary to acquire and evaluate knowledge of AI and its uses, understand its limitations, and the ethical considerations to safeguard the educational experience, intellectual development, respect for intellectual property, and data privacy of the SUSS community and beyond.  

Please always check with your instructor, who may have specific requirements for your course in using any generative AI tools, and provide guidance on the appropriate use and citation requirements.

Potential Usage

  • Analysing data, text, and arguments 
  • Answering questions
  • Brainstorming ideas
  • Checking for grammar, spelling and facts
  • Coaching and explaining
  • Designing and verifying codes 
  • Conducting a literature review
  • Creating images and video, music, and voices
  • Creating lesson plans, lecture notes, and guides
  • Creating prompt templates
  • Designing a research project 
  • Detecting AI-generated content
  • Evaluating writings and providing feedback
  • Generating hypotheses, questions, and prompts
  • Presenting slides
  • Sourcing and compiling information 
  • Writing, summarizing, paraphrasing, and translating, etc.

 

Responsible Use of AI Tools

Responsible Use of AI Tools

  • SUSS is committed to upholding academic integrity, and any work submitted must be representative of the individual’s own effort, knowledge, and understanding of the subject matter. 
  • Ideas and information taken from other sources, including those derived from the use of Generative AI tools such as ChatGPT, must be appropriately attributed
  • Inappropriate use of Generative AI tools would violate SUSS's principles of Academic integrity. 
  • When in doubt, please always check with your instructor, who may have specific requirements for your course in using any generative AI tools, and provide guidance on the appropriate use and citation requirements
  • You can refer to the "Guidance on Responsible Use of Generative AI Tools in Assignments" prepared by the Teaching & Learning Centre and Student Handbook (available in the Student Portal) for details.

 

(Source: Teaching & Learning Centre, Singapore University of Social Sciences. (2023). Academic Integrity [online]. Available from: https://rise.articulate.com/share/i4wup4aZRMcXCL293kJqgBgfp3UmaQMl#/ [accessed 7 May 2024].)

Data Privacy and Security

Data Privacy and Security

  • Many generative AI tools do not come free, and most of them require registration. The providers of these tools may collect personal information such as IP address and email address and share them with their partners to analyse the user behaviour.

  • All users of Generative AI within SUSS (including the Institute of Adult Learning) must adhere to data privacy and security protocols, especially when dealing with sensitive or personal data. This includes understanding the data handling practices of the AI tools used. Confidential or sensitive information should be left out of prompts when using Generative AI. 

  • Intellectual property belonging to SUSS shall not be input/uploaded onto the Generative AI tools. 

 

Sources:

1. Singapore University of Social Sciences ("SUSS") Privacy Statement 

2. Student Handbook (accessible by SUSS enrolled students through the Student Portal) 

3. Generative AI Policy for Teaching and Learning (accessible only by faculty, teaching associates and staff through MySUSS intranet)

[Last accessed 7 May 2024]

Professional Sharing (Teaching & Learning Centre)

Professional Sharing (Teaching & Learning Centre)

You can refer to the professional sharing sessions on generative AI organized by the Teaching & Learning Centre (TLC), SUSS. 

  1. Harnessing Generative AI for Performance and Productivity in Content Development, Learning and Research (19 Feb 2024)
  2. Adaptive Learning: AI in Education (7 Nov 2023)
  3. Innovation and Risks: Integrating AI in Higher Education (30 Oct 2023)

TLC has also curated a list of assessment with generative AI resources that focus on the pedagogical impact of AI on assessment practices.

AI-related professional development in teaching and learning workshops organised by TLC can be found on the TLC website.  

Do join the "SIG on Generative AI & Learning, Teaching and Assessment" which is a SUSS community of practice to advance pedagogical and assessment practices of generative AI.

Recommended Gen AI Tools

Introduction

The following Generative AI (Gen AI) tools have been curated by the SUSS AI Taskforce using Gartner’s Gen AI Use-Case Prism for Education and evaluation criteria like usefulness for the intended purpose, ease of use, accuracy of the results or outcomes, availability of help resources and its value for money for our SUSS users. (Source: https://www.gartner.com/document/4545299?ref=solrAll&refval=399022927&)

It is important to highlight that Gen AI is fast evolving and new tools are being developed and added quickly. The Learning Technology & Services (LTS) team from the Learning Services Cluster will update this list on a semestral basis (before the start of every semester in Jan and July) to keep the published information up-to-date. This list has made provisions for specific user profiles (i.e., Faculty and Associates, Staff and Students) with the tools grouped under relevant categories to facilitate ease of user access.

Select the Appropriate Target Audience to view the list of Gen AI Tools

Teaching

           1. Content Creation

Name

Pitch

URL

https://pitch.com/

Description

Create presentation slides using prompt

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan for individual use. Paid version at USD 20 per month for workspace collaboration.

Name

Canva AI Function

URL

https://www.canva.com/ai-image-generator/

Description

AI image generator

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan. Paid version at S165 per year.

 

Name

Adobe Firefly

URL

https://www.adobe.com/sg/products/firefly.html

Description

AI art generator that creates images from text prompts.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan with 25 credits per month. Paid version at USD 4.99 with 100 creits per month

Name

ElevenLabs

URL

https://elevenlabs.io/

Description

AI voice generator and text to speech in 29 languages

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan with 10min audio per month. Paid version at USD 1 per month.

Name

Natural Reader

URL

https://www.naturalreaders.com/

Description

Text to speech reader (Assistive Technology)

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan with 1  upload per day. Paid version at USD 199 per year for 5 users.

Name

HeyGen

URL

https://www.heygen.com

Description

HeyGen is an AI video generator that allows users to create talking-head avatar videos in minutes.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Paid (USD 24 per month)

Name

Elai

URL

https://www.elai.io

Description

Ai video generator from text (Avatar-based)

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan with 1 credit. Paid versio at USD 13 per month with 15 video minutes.

Name

InVideo

URL

https://invideo.io

Description

Video content creation with text prompt

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan with 10min per week generation. Paid version at USD20 per month.

Name

AdCreative AI

URL

www.adcreative.ai/

Description

AdCreative.ai is an artificial intelligence (AI) tool that allows users to generate creatives and texts for a range of social, search, and display-based advertising campaigns.

asper is the AI platform that helps businesses scale up marketing content like blog articles, social media posts, sales emails, website copy, and more.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Paid (USD 29 per month)

Name

Jasper AI

URL

https://www.jasper.ai/

Description

Jasper is the AI platform that helps businesses scale up marketing content like blog articles, social media posts, sales emails, website copy, and more.

Free, Paid or Open Source

            2. Course Design

Name

Teachermatic

URL

https://teachermatic.com

Description

TeacherMatic’s AI generators act like personal assistants for teachers. They make creating classroom materials easy by automatically making things like worksheets, quizzes, and lesson plans. Just tell the app what topic you need, and it does the rest. This way, teachers can save time and spend more of it teaching and connecting with their students.50+ AI tools available.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan with 5 generations per day. 99 pounds per year for 30 generations per day.

Name

Teachers Buddy

URL

https://www.teachersbuddy.com/

Description

40+ tools to genreate  Course Scopes, Lesson Plans, Lab Sessions, Slide Outlines, Tutorials, Workshops, etc.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan with only 10 tools. Full 40+ tools at NZ$14.99 monthly

            3. Productivity Tools

Name

CoGrader AI Grading Tool

URL

https://cograder.com

Description

CoGrader helps teachers save 80% of the time grading with instant first-pass feedback & grades on students' assignments, based on instructor's rubrics. It seamlessly import students' assignments from Google Classroom, the grade and provide feedback, for instructor's review.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Paid (USD 15 per month)

Name

Github Copilot

URL

 https://github.com/features/copilot

Description

GitHub Copilot is a code completion tool developed by GitHub (owned by Microsoft) and OpenAI (49% owned by Microsoft) that assists users of Visual Studio Code, Visual Studio, Neovim, and JetBrainsintegrated development environments (IDEs) by autocompleting code

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free

Research

            1. Literature Review

Name

Litmaps

URL

https://www.litmaps.com

Description

 Litmaps uses the citation network to discover literature that's easily overlooked with other search methods. This, combined with our ever-evolving algorithms and automated alert system, means never missing a relevant paper again.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan with  up to 20 inputs, 100 articles and 1 litmap. Paid version at USD per month with unlimited inputs, articles and litmaps.

Name

Elicit

URL

https://elicit.com

Description

 Automate time-consuming research tasks like summarizing papers, extracting data, and synthesizing your findings. It helps to compare and conceptualise key academic content in the same field

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan with 5,000 credits on-time. Paid version at USD10 per month with 12,000 credits.

           2. Data Analysis

Name

Scite

URL

https://scite.ai/

Description

 Scite enhances the research process by analyzing citations in scientific papers, 

Free, Paid or Open Source

7 days free trial. USD20.12 per month.

Name

Julius AI

URL

https://julius.ai

Description

 Analyze data with computational AI. Chat with user's files and get expert-level insights in seconds.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan with up to fifteen monthly messages. Paid version at USD17.99 per month.

           3. Publication Assistance

Name

Jenni.AI

URL

https://jenni.ai

Description

 Jenni Ai is a very reliable AI tool that can help you improve your writing skills, research papers and in-text citations.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan with 200 AI words per day and unlimited PDF uploads. Paid version at USD 20 per month with unlimited AI words.

Name

Humanta

URL

https://www.humata.ai

Description

 Humata thoroughly reads each uploaded file, generating responses based on the document content. Each answer provided by Humata references relevant sections within your uploaded documents.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free limited tier; multiple paid subscription tiers

          1. Content Creation

Name

Pitch

URL

https://pitch.com/

Description

Create presentation slides using prompt

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan for individual use. Paid version at USD 20 per month for workspace collaboration.

Name

Canva AI Function

URL

https://www.canva.com/ai-image-generator/

Description

AI image generator

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan. Paid version at S165 per year.

Name

Adobe Firefly

URL

https://www.adobe.com/sg/products/firefly.html

Description

AI art generator that creates images from text prompts.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan with 25 credits per month. Paid version at USD 4.99 with 100 creits per month

Name

ElevenLabs

URL

https://elevenlabs.io/

Description

AI voice generator and text to speech in 29 languages

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan with 10min audio per month. Paid version at USD 1 per month.

Name

Natural Reader

URL

https://www.naturalreaders.com/

Description

Text to speech reader (Assistive Technology)

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan with 1  upload per day. Paid version at USD 199 per year for 5 users.

Name

HeyGen

URL

https://www.heygen.com

Description

HeyGen is an AI video generator that allows users to create talking-head avatar videos in minutes.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Paid (USD 24 per month)

Name

Elai

URL

https://www.elai.io

Description

Ai video generator from text (Avatar-based)

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan with 1 credit. Paid versio at USD 13 per month with 15 video minutes.

Name

InVideo

URL

https://invideo.io

Description

Video content creation with text prompt

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan with 10min per week generation. Paid version at USD20 per month.

Name

AdCreative AI

URL

www.adcreative.ai/

Description

AdCreative.ai is an artificial intelligence (AI) tool that allows users to generate creatives and texts for a range of social, search, and display-based advertising campaigns.

asper is the AI platform that helps businesses scale up marketing content like blog articles, social media posts, sales emails, website copy, and more.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Paid (USD 29 per month)

Name

Jasper AI

URL

https://www.jasper.ai/

Description

Jasper is the AI platform that helps businesses scale up marketing content like blog articles, social media posts, sales emails, website copy, and more.

Free, Paid or Open Source

2. Process Automation

Name

AI Builder in Power Automate

URL

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/ai-builder/use-in-flow-overview

Description

Adding AI to Microsoft Power Automate process automation

Free, Paid or Open Source

Bundled in as part of Microsoft Copilot license

           

           3. Productivity Tools

Name

Claude 3

URL

https://claude.ai

Description

Alternative to Chat GPT. Trained by Anthropic using Constitutional AI.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan with limitations. Paid version at USD 20 per month.

Name

Chatsonic

URL

https://writesonic.com/chat

Description

Advanced AI Chat,Outperforming ChatGPT with Fast, Real-Time Web Search, Vision, and Chat PDF Capabilities.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan. Paid version at USD 12 per month.

Name

Github Copilot

URL

 https://github.com/features/copilot

Description

GitHub Copilot is a code completion tool developed by GitHub (owned by Microsoft) and OpenAI (49% owned by Microsoft) that assists users of Visual Studio Code, Visual Studio, Neovim, and JetBrainsintegrated development environments (IDEs) by autocompleting code

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free

Learning

 

            1. Study Aids

 

Name

Claude 3

URL

https://claude.ai

Description

Alternative to Chat GPT. Trained by Anthropic using Constitutional AI.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan with limitations. Paid version at USD 20 per month.

Name

Chatsonic

URL

https://writesonic.com/chat

Description

Advanced AI Chat,Outperforming ChatGPT with Fast, Real-Time Web Search, Vision, and Chat PDF Capabilities.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan. Paid version at USD 12 per month.

2. Content Creation

Name

Pitch

URL

https://pitch.com/

Description

Create presentation slides using prompt

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan for individual use. Paid version at USD 20 per month for workspace collaboration.

Name

Canva AI Function

URL

https://www.canva.com/ai-image-generator/

Description

AI image generator

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan. Paid version at S165 per year.

Name

Adobe Firefly

URL

https://www.adobe.com/sg/products/firefly.html

Description

AI art generator that creates images from text prompts.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan with 25 credits per month. Paid version at USD 4.99 with 100 creits per month

Name

ElevenLabs

URL

https://elevenlabs.io/

Description

AI voice generator and text to speech in 29 languages

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan with 10min audio per month. Paid version at USD 1 per month.

Name

Natural Reader

URL

https://www.naturalreaders.com/

Description

Text to speech reader (Assistive Technology)

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan with 1  upload per day. Paid version at USD 199 per year for 5 users.

Name

HeyGen

URL

https://www.heygen.com

Description

HeyGen is an AI video generator that allows users to create talking-head avatar videos in minutes.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Paid (USD 24 per month)

Name

Elai

URL

https://www.elai.io

Description

Ai video generator from text (Avatar-based)

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan with 1 credit. Paid versio at USD 13 per month with 15 video minutes.

Name

InVideo

URL

https://invideo.io

Description

Video content creation with text prompt

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free plan with 10min per week generation. Paid version at USD20 per month.

Name

AdCreative AI

URL

https://www.adcreative.ai/

Description

AdCreative.ai is an artificial intelligence (AI) tool that allows users to generate creatives and texts for a range of social, search, and display-based advertising campaigns.

asper is the AI platform that helps businesses scale up marketing content like blog articles, social media posts, sales emails, website copy, and more.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Paid (USD 29 per month)

Name

Jasper AI

URL

https://www.jasper.ai/

Description

Jasper is the AI platform that helps businesses scale up marketing content like blog articles, social media posts, sales emails, website copy, and more.

Free, Paid or Open Source


3. Collaborative and Adaptive Learning (pending)

Career Readiness

 

           1. Resume and Cover Letter Writing

 

Name

Rezi AI

URL

https://www.rezi.ai

Description

Rezi is the only resume platform that uses leading AI to automate every aspect of creating a hirable resume—writing, editing, formatting, and optimizing.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free edition available. Pro version at USD 12 monthly.

Name

aiApply

URL

https://aiapply.co/resume-builder

Description

AI powered resume builder.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free edition available.

Name

Teal

URL

https://www.tealhq.com

Description

AI powered resume builder.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free edition available.

 

2. Interview Preparation

Name

Shadowing AI

URL

https://shadowing.ai

Description

Interview preparation platform for job seekers.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free trial available. Light version at USD 5 per week.

Name

Yoodli

URL

https://yoodli.ai

Description

Improve your communication skills with private, real-time, and judgment-free coaching — powered by AI. Like Grammarly, but for speech!

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free edition available with limited use. Paid version at USD 8 per month.

Name

AiApply Job Interview

URL

https://aiapply.co/ai-job-interview

Description

Prepare for an upcoming interview with the power of AI.

Free, Paid or Open Source

Free edition available.

 

3. Skill Development (pending)

Prompts and AI Literacy

Prompts and AI Literacy

The way how we design, plan, and write prompts will affect the accuracy, creativity, depth, effectiveness, and quality of responses and results we might get from the generative AI tools. 

Write prompts like how you make a meaningful conversation or request for a product/service by providing clear and specific instructions

Basic Guidelines

  1. Who your respondent is ("Act as a/an" [role]. Eg. Act as an expert editor, counselor specialising in couple therapy in Singapore...)
  2. What are the tasks you want the respondent to carry out (Provide a summary of the tasks)
  3. What are the specific requirements that need to be included in the task
  4. What the generative AI needs to do (Provide the instructions)

AI Literacy

Always review and verify the generated content to ensure it does not provide misinformation or disinformation. You can make use of the CRAAP (Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose) principles for evaluation.

  • Please refer to our library guide "Using CRAAP to evaluate information" for details.
  • You can also refer to the useful AI literacy framework entitled "A Framework for AI Literacy" developed by Barnard College which provides a conceptual foundation for AI education and programming efforts in higher education institutional contexts. 

- Understand AI

- Use and Apply AI

- Analyse and Evaluate AI

- Create AI

 

Example of a Prompt: 

You are an expert librarian specializing in Singapore history.

List 3 relevant and useful sources that contain credible and authoritative publications on Singapore history.  Search and retrieve books and peer-reviewed journal articles based on the 3 topics: 

  • Johor Sultanate
  • Malacca Sultanate 
  • Maritime trading port 

Provide the citation count, source of the citation, and summary for these books and journal articles. Organize the information into a list by topic and compile them into a table. Compile the information into a bibliography. Include the title, author, publisher, and year of publication.  Use APA style, 7th edition. Provide the date of compilation at the end of the table

Referencing / Citing AI

Referencing / Citing AI

All ideas that are not original must be acknowledged, including ideas from generative AI tools. 

As with acceptable academic practice, attribution is expected if students use AI to generate responses as part of assessment submissions. Attribution includes the following:

  1. Appropriate and discipline-specific citation, and
  2. A table detailing the name of the AI tool used, the approach to using the tool (e.g., what prompts were used), the full output provided by the tool, and which part of the output was adapted for the assignment.

 

How to cite Generative AI tools (e.g., ChatGPT) as a source

Presently, there are no specific, formal guidelines from the major citation styles about how to cite ChatGPT or other Generative AI tools as a source.

The general recommendation is to use the format for personal communications to cite any response generated by AI tools.

For more information, you may refer to the following Citation Guides:

 

(Extracted from Teaching & Learning Centre, Singapore University of Social Sciences. (2023). Academic Integrity [online]. Available from: https://rise.articulate.com/share/i4wup4aZRMcXCL293kJqgBgfp3UmaQMl#/ [accessed 7 May 2024].)

 

Further Reading:

  1. How to Cite Chatgpt by APA
  2. How do I Cite Generative AI in MLA style? by MLA

Resources

Resources

You can make use of our subscribed library resources and complement these sources with other online resources to access information on generative AI. 

Please refer to our library guide to learn how to search for resources or book a consultation session with our librarians to get personalized guidance on searching and using information effectively. 

eBooks

eBooks

eJournal Articles and Reports

eJournal Articles and Reports

eJournal Articles

Please access the peer-reviewed eJournal articles on generative artificial intelligence subscribed by the library. 

Do refer to the FAQ on "How to log in to SUSS Libary" for details.

Search strategy

          Title contains "generative artificial intelligence"

             OR

           Any fields contain "generative AI"

You can filter the results for precision by a date range, peer-reviewed and online availability, etc. according to your research needs. 

You can also expand the results or refine the results by adding new keywords or searching by creator etc. 

Reports

You can access the latest reports, trends, and developments on generative AI from EDUCAUSE and Gartner. 

1. Reports and latest trends and developments on Generative AI from Gartner's Generative AI Resource Center

2. Resources on AI in Higher Education from EDUCAUSE

Online Courses / Videos

LinkedIn

LinkedIn Learning is an online learning platform that provides online courses on business, technology, and personal development.

Please access the learning courses and videos on generative AI through the LinkedIn Learning courses that we curated for you. 

Databases

Databases

Links Beyond SUSS