Artificial intelligence (AI) is “a technical and scientific field devoted to the engineered system that generates outputs such as content, forecasts, recommendations or decisions for a given set of human-defined objectives” [ISO/IEC 22989:2022].
Traditionally, AI systems are primarily used to analyse data and make predictions. It has since evolved in developing machines capable to analyse large amounts of data, recognise patterns, and make predictions or decisions based on the trained data.
To better understand how AI works, it is essential to know the following basic concepts:
1. Machine Learning
2. Deep Learning
3. Reasoning
4. Problem-solving
5. Processing Language
6. Large Language Model (LLM)
7. Perception/ Computer Vision
Generative Artificial Intelligence, evolving from advancements in AI technology and machine learning, has enabled the creation of new data and content across images, videos, music, articles, and software code. The application of Generative AI significantly impacts work efficiency, yet at the same time raises ethical considerations.
This guide provides an overview of generative AI such as the potential usage of generative AI tools, responsible use of these tools, how to design a prompt, how to evaluate the generated content, and how to cite content created from generative AI.
(Source: Canvas AI Image Generator (ai neural network), 20 May 2024)
Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen AI) tools are AI chatbots that use humanlike conversational dialogue (natural language) to obtain responses and results through descriptive questions (known as "prompts") in a fluid manner. They generate content in the form of text, data, and multimedia such as images, music, videos, and voices by harnessing AI technology and a vast dataset as its foundation.
Although Generative AI tools can provide answers to queries in texts or create new multimedia content that seems real, they can also produce inaccurate, non-existent, or misleading results, which is known as "hallucinating" when the datasets or the prompts are of poor quality.
It is essential to learn how to craft effective prompts to guide the Generative AI tools to create quality content. It is equally important to learn how to use Generative AI tools and the generated content appropriately, thoughtfully, and responsibly.
Generative AI literacy plays an important role in evaluating and using Generative AI tools.
Generative AI tools have many potential uses in learning, teaching, and research as well as risks.
It is necessary to acquire and evaluate knowledge of AI and its uses, understand its limitations, and the ethical considerations to safeguard the educational experience, intellectual development, respect for intellectual property, and data privacy of the SUSS community and beyond.
Please always check with your instructor, who may have specific requirements for your course in using any generative AI tools, and provide guidance on the appropriate use and citation requirements.
Potential Usage
(Source: Teaching & Learning Centre, Singapore University of Social Sciences. (2023). Academic Integrity [online]. Available from: https://rise.articulate.com/share/i4wup4aZRMcXCL293kJqgBgfp3UmaQMl#/ [accessed 7 May 2024].)
Many generative AI tools do not come free, and most of them require registration. The providers of these tools may collect personal information such as IP address and email address and share them with their partners to analyse the user behaviour.
All users of Generative AI within SUSS (including the Institute of Adult Learning) must adhere to data privacy and security protocols, especially when dealing with sensitive or personal data. This includes understanding the data handling practices of the AI tools used. Confidential or sensitive information should be left out of prompts when using Generative AI.
Intellectual property belonging to SUSS shall not be input/uploaded onto the Generative AI tools.
Sources:
1. Singapore University of Social Sciences ("SUSS") Privacy Statement
2. Student Handbook (accessible by SUSS enrolled students through the Student Portal)
3. Generative AI Policy for Teaching and Learning (accessible only by faculty, teaching associates and staff through MySUSS intranet)
[Last accessed 7 May 2024]
You can refer to the professional sharing sessions on generative AI organized by the Teaching & Learning Centre, SUSS.
Do join the "SIG on Generative AI & Learning, Teaching and Assessment" which is a SUSS community of practice to advance pedagogical and assessment practices of generative AI.
The way how we design, plan, and write prompts will affect the accuracy, creativity, depth, effectiveness, and quality of responses and results we might get from the generative AI tools.
Write prompts like how you make a meaningful conversation or request for a product/service by providing clear and specific instructions
Basic Guidelines
AI Literacy
Always review and verify the generated content to ensure it does not provide misinformation or disinformation. You can make use of the CRAAP (Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose) principles for evaluation.
- Understand AI
- Use and Apply AI
- Analyse and Evaluate AI
- Create AI
Example of a Prompt:
You are an expert librarian specializing in Singapore history. List 3 relevant and useful sources that contain credible and authoritative publications on Singapore history. Search and retrieve books and peer-reviewed journal articles based on the 3 topics:
Provide the citation count, source of the citation, and summary for these books and journal articles. Organize the information into a list by topic and compile them into a table. Compile the information into a bibliography. Include the title, author, publisher, and year of publication. Use APA style, 7th edition. Provide the date of compilation at the end of the table |
Below are selected resources that provide guidance on how to write or generate effective prompts:
1. Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models (Google Brain Team)
2. Chatgpt Cheat Sheet (University of Dartmouth)
4. Dalle3 Prompt Tips And Tricks Thread
5. GenAI Chatbot Prompt Library for Educators
6. GitHub: Awesome ChatGPT Prompts
7. How to Perfect Your Prompt Writing for ChatGPT, Midjourney, and Other AI Generators
8. Keywordseverywhere (chatgpt prompt templates)
9. Prompt Engineering (OpenAI)
10. Learn about Copilot prompts (Microsoft Copilot)
Prompts to Try (Microsoft Copilot)
11. The CLEAR path: A framework for Enhancing Information Literacy through Prompt Engineering
All ideas that are not original must be acknowledged, including ideas from generative AI tools.
As with acceptable academic practice, attribution is expected if students use AI to generate responses as part of assessment submissions. Attribution includes the following:
How to cite Generative AI tools (e.g., ChatGPT) as a source
Presently, there are no specific, formal guidelines from the major citation styles about how to cite ChatGPT or other Generative AI tools as a source.
The general recommendation is to use the format for personal communications to cite any response generated by AI tools.
For more information, you may refer to the following Citation Guides:
(Extracted from Teaching & Learning Centre, Singapore University of Social Sciences. (2023). Academic Integrity [online]. Available from: https://rise.articulate.com/share/i4wup4aZRMcXCL293kJqgBgfp3UmaQMl#/ [accessed 7 May 2024].)
Further Reading:
You can make use of our subscribed library resources and complement these sources with other online resources to access information on generative AI.
Please refer to our library guide to learn how to search for resources or book a consultation session with our librarians to get personalized guidance on searching and using information effectively.
eJournal Articles
Please access the peer-reviewed eJournal articles on generative artificial intelligence subscribed by the library.
Do refer to the FAQ on "How to log in to SUSS Libary" for details.
Search strategy
Title contains "generative artificial intelligence" OR Any fields contain "generative AI" |
You can filter the results for precision by a date range, peer-reviewed and online availability, etc. according to your research needs.
You can also expand the results or refine the results by adding new keywords or searching by creator etc.
Reports
You can access the latest reports, trends, and developments on generative AI from EDUCAUSE and Gartner.
1. Reports and latest trends and developments on Generative AI from Gartner's Generative AI Resource Center
2. Resources on AI in Higher Education from EDUCAUSE
O'Reilly for Higher Education is a training and learning platform on information technology and business.
Please refer to the FAQ on "How to Access O'Reilly through SUSS Library" for details.
Below are the selective online courses on generative AI from O'Reilly:
LinkedIn Learning is an online learning platform that provides online courses on business, technology, and personal development.
Please access the learning courses and videos on generative AI through the LinkedIn Learning courses that we curated for you.
You can use EDUCAUSE to access:
• EDUCAUSE Showcase Series that provides urgent issues identified by the higher education community each year
• EDUCAUSE Review eJournal to find out about higher education IT trends
• EDUCAUSE Connect to engage with the higher education technology professionals and community of practitioners
• research and publications on challenges and opportunities in higher education IT
Registration is required to access EDUCAUSE. Please see EDUCAUSE's Terms of Use and Privacy Notice.
FAQ on EDUCAUSE is here.
For help on the EDUCAUSE platform, please email info@educause.edu.
Besides SUSS Library's subscribed resources, you can complement these sources with useful online resources for your learning and research purposes. Please direct your enquiries to the respective institutions if you require clarification on the use of their resources.
1. AI Singapore
2. AI Verify Foundation by IMDA
3. Artificial Intelligence Teaching Guide / Standford University
5. Evaluating Information – Applying the CRAAP Test
5. Generative AI in Higher Education: The Product Landscape.
6. Generative AI Research / By MIT Sloan
7. Generative AI Product Tracker / By Ithaka
8. How AI Impacts on Academic Publishing
9. OECD - Artificial Intelligence
10. National AI Strategy (Singapore)
11. The Art of the Prompt: How to Get the Best Out of Generative AI / Microsoft
12. What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? / ISO
13. World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2024 - Turbocharging Learning While Mitigating Risks
14. 10 Ways Artificial Intelligence Is Transforming Instructional Design